The Sufi and court poet Malik Muhammad ‘Jayasi’ composed the Padmāvat in 1540 in the milieu of the Afghan Sher Shah Suri’s north Indian sultanate. He drew on the tradition of the prem-akhyān or epic romance in northeastern Hindi that began with Maulana Daud’s Candāyan in 1379.
In these texts, the hero’s struggle to be united with the heroine is read as an allegory to the struggle of the individual soul (nafs) to unite with God, but it should be noted that the narrative is also to be enjoyed in the manner of a literary work, the enjoyment of which leads to the experience of śṛṅgār or prem-rasa. The ability to experience the aesthetic sentiment of love in such narratives is understood as a prerequisite for being able to experience love for God.
पाठ : मालिक मुहम्मद जायसी कृत पद्मावत
Verse 24: in this verse, the poet summarizes the plot of his epic poem, and has a few things to say about love.
२४ सन नौ सै सैंतालिस – the year 947
अहै – है
अरंभ – आरंभ – beginning
बैन – words, speech
कहै – कहते हैं, present subjunctive
सिंघल दीप – the island of Sinhala, Sri Lanka.
पदुमिनी रानी – Queen Padmini
रतनसेनि – Ratansen, oblique
चितउर गढ़ – Chittorgarh, in Rajasthan
आनी – आई
अलाउदीं – Allauddin Khilji
राघौ चेतन – Proper name – Raghav Chetan
कीन्ह – किया
बखानू – description or praise
साहि – Shahi, referring here to Khilji
गढ़ – fort
छेंका – to confiscate or take away
तुरुकहिं – Turk, oblique
भई – हुई
लराई – लड़ाई
आदि – beginning
जसि – जैसे
कथ्था – कथा
लिखि – लिखना absolutive
चौपाई – name of the metre
बिआस – विकास?
कौंला – lotus (कमल)
निअर – near
भा – है
काँटा – thorn
गुर – jaggery
चाँटा – चींटा – ant
भँवर – bees
बनखंड – forest
हुति – होकर?
लेहि – from लेना, लेकर, absolutive
बास – smell or fragrance
दादुर – frog
पावहिं – पाना, subjunctive future
आछहिं – आना? subjunctive future
Verse 25: in this verse, the poet describes the island of Sinhala (Sri Lanka).
गावौ – perfective? Here first person? गाना
बरनि – वर्णन
सुनावौं – सुनाना; first person
बतनक – बरनत?
दरपन – mirror
भाँति – like, manner
बिसेखा – to see, saw
जेहिं – यही?
तैसेइ – तैसे
घनि – heavy?
जहँ – जहाँ
नारी – woman
दइअ – देव/दैव – god, divine
अवतारी – incarnation, fem.
ओहि – वह, उसको
सरि – equal, similar
जोगू – योग
तस – तैसा
उजिआर – उजाला – bright
पारा – to cross
परिछाहीं – shadow
कुसस्थल – कुस: sacred grass, so by extension a sacred place?
आरन – आरण्य? Or as in आर-पार
महुस्थल – महास्थल
परथमैं – प्रथम
उत्तिम – उत्तम
Verse 119: in this verse, the poet describes what happens to the hero, Ratansen, when he hears the beauty of the heroine Padmini described by Hiraman the parrot.
सुनतहि – to listen
राजा – king
मुरुछाई – faint
जानँहु – to know
लहरि – waves
सूरज – sun
घाव – wound, indication
समुंद – ocean
बिसँभारा – poisonous
भंवर – storm
भाँवरि – emtion
खिन- खिन – sadness
हिलरोहि – to cry
निसास – breath
क्षन – ebb
चेतना – consciousness
बौराई – badness
मरन – death
बेवस्था – situation
दसहँ – terrible
लेनिहारन्ह – harmful
हरहिं – everyone
तरासहि – still
त्रास – trouble
त्राहि – thirsty
Verse 318: in this verse, the poet describes the explosive love-making of Ratansen and Padmini when they finally quench the fire of virah (separation) after their wedding.
(in progress)
जूझि — fighting, war
जस — जैसा
रावन — chief demon
सेज — bed
बिधंसि — to pierce OR not having wealth
बिरह — ?
टुटा — ?
संग्रामा — battle, fight, struggle
लीन्ह — किया
कंचन — doing the hair
ग्ढ — stronghold, castle
सिंगार — adornment, sexual love
अहा — interjection, exclamation of pleasure
मैमंत –?
बिधंसा — ?
बिचला — to cause to move
बिरह — a song of separation, lament
जीव — life, soul
नंसा — ?
भेसा —
छूटी — freed
मंग — head of boat
भंग — to be broken, to be found wanting
भे –?
कंचुकि — a woman’s jacket
चुर — crunching or crackling sound
ताने — to taunt, to ridicule
मोंति — a pearl
छहराने — scattered, dispersed
सलोनी — (name)
बांहू — the upper arm
कंगन — bangle, of precious metal
खलाईं — to voice inner thoughts
फूटी — scattered, dispersed
बेसरि — a small heavy nose-ring
तिलक — mark made on the forehead of newly engaged bridegroom
गा — Ganges?
मेंटी — a small earthen pot or pitcher
पुहुप — flower
संवारि — preparation, arrangement
जोबन — a young woman’s breasts // the vigor of youth
नवल — new, novel
बसंत — spring
अरगज — a perfume, yellowish in color
जेउं — ?
हिय — heart
मरगज — crushed, squeezed (as in the body in embrace)
कंत — lover, dear husband