Coping with Crises: Impact
Guiding Questions to Consider:
- How have global health crises, a minor or great disaster or any other possibly traumatic experience affected different sub–populations, countries, or all people similarly in the past?
- How have they reacted and coped with the difficulties at hand differently?
Below you will find a list of articles that discuss coping mechanisms, studies regarding psychological well-being following a crises or theoretical approaches to measuring mental health.
Measures of Coping for Psychological Well-being
Summary: This article talks about coping with crisis and serves as a review of previous studies and articles in that field. It provides a comprehensive definition of coping as well as an overview of two ways to measure coping and the degree to which it is successful.
Citation: Greenaway, K. H., Louis, W. R., Parker, S. L., Kalokerinos, E. K., Smith, J. R., & Terry, D. J. (2015). Measures of Coping for Psychological Well-Being. Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Constructs, 322–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-386915-9.00012-7
Stress, appraisal, and coping
Summary:
Citation: Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer.
Psychological stress and the coping process
Summary:
Citation: Lazarus, R. S. (1966). Psychological stress and the coping process. McGraw-Hill.
Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach
Summary: The aim of this article is to assess the ways in which people respond to stress by creating a new inventory which measures people’s active coping efforts, planning, suppression of attention to competing activities, and the exercise of restraint. This paper includes three studies in which researchers tested the new COPE inventory on University of Miami undergraduate students.
Citation: Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267–283. APA PsycNet. (2020). Retrieved September 17, 2020, from Apa.org website: https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2F0022-3514.56.2.267
Nationwide Longitudinal Study of Psychological Responses to September 11
Summary: This article focuses on a study that examined how the general US population responded to, coped with and recovered from the occurrence on September 11 at three points of their life–shortly after, 2 months after and 6 months after. They concluded that personal experience is not an indicator of psychological response, but instead coping strategies are the key to understanding their post traumatic stress.
Citation: Silver, R. C. (2002). Nationwide Longitudinal Study of Psychological Responses to September 11. JAMA, 288(10), 1235. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.10.1235
Survey of stress reactions among health care workers involved wth the SARS outbreak
Summary: In a hospital in East Taiwan, a questionnaire was designed to assess stress reactions among its staff members (both administrative personnel and health care workers; both those who were quarantined and those who were not), and 61% of all (N=338) responded to it. Overall, around 5% suffered from an acute stress disorder which was associated with quarantine; also, many felt afraid to work or return home after work to not infect others.
Citation: Survey of Stress Reactions Among Health Care Workers Involved With the SARS Outbreak | Psychiatric Services. (2020). Retrieved September 23, 2020, from Psychiatric Services website: https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.55.9.1055
Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic
Summary: This study focuses on Beijing hospital employees and how their mental health was affected by the SARS outbreak three years before the survey took place. Sociodemographic factors, types of exposure to the outbreak and symptoms of PTSD and depression were measured. According to the data, health care workers who reported to have experienced high exposure to patients with SARS, quarantine during the outbreak, or exposure to a violent incident or disaster before the outbreak were significantly predictive of current level of depressive symptoms.
Citation: Liu, X., Kakade, M., Fuller, C. J., Fan, B., Fang, Y., Kong, J., … Wu, P. (2012). Depression after exposure to stressful events: lessons learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 53(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2011.02.003
Further Reading:
Post-traumatic stress disorder in parents and youth after health-related distasters
Citation: Sprang, G., & Silman, M. (2013). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents and Youth After Health-Related Disasters. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 7(1), 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.22
Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: data from Australia's first outbreak of equine influenza
Citation: Taylor, M. R., Agho, K. E., Stevens, G. J., & Raphael, B. (2008). Factors influencing psychological distress during a disease epidemic: Data from Australia’s first outbreak of equine influenza. BMC Public Health, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-347
The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk
Citation: Wu, P., Fang, Y., Guan, Z., Fan, B., Kong, J., Yao, Z., … Hoven, C. W. (2009). The Psychological Impact of the SARS Epidemic on Hospital Employees in China: Exposure, Risk Perception, and Altruistic Acceptance of Risk. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 302–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400504
The psychosocial challenges of caring for patients with Ebola virus disease
Citation: Smith MW, Smith PW, Kratochvil CJ. et al. The psychosocial challanges of caring for patients with Ebola virus disease. Health security. 2017;15:104-109
The regulatory power of postive emotions in stress: a temporal functional approach
Citation: Waugh, C. E. (2014). The regulatory power of positive emotions in stress: A temporal-functional approach. In M. Kent, M. C. Davis, & J. W. Reich (Eds.), The resilience handbook: Approaches to stress and trauma (p. 73–85). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Effects of optimism on recovery and mental health after a tornado outbreak
Citation: Carbone EG, and Echols ET. Effects of optimism on recovery and mental health after a tornado outbreak. Psychol Health. 2017;32:530-548
Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: A pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1-9 million participants
Citation: Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077–e1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(18)30357-7
Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers
Citation: Tam, C., Pang, E., Lam, L., & Chiu, H. (2004). Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong in 2003: Stress and psychological impact among frontline healthcare workers. Psychological Medicine, 34(7), 1197-1204. doi:10.1017/S0033291704002247
Factors associated with the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto
Citation: Maunder, R. G., Lancee, W. J., Rourke, S., Hunter, J. J., Goldbloom, D., Balderson, K., Petryshen, P., Steinberg, R., Wasylenki, D., Koh, D., & Fones, C. S. (2004). Factors associated with the psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on nurses and other hospital workers in Toronto. Psychosomatic medicine, 66(6), 938–942. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.psy.0000145673.84698.18
Fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among health care workers
Citation: Ho, S. M., Kwong-Lo, R. S., Mak, C. W., & Wong, J. S. (2005). Fear of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among health care workers. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 73(2), 344–349. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.2.344