Research

Language Development Project

The University of Chicago’s Language Development Project (LDP) is a longitudinal study of language and learning, following over 100 children and their families from 14 months through young adulthood. The LDP dataset includes a corpus of spontaneous parent-child in-home language and gesture as well as standardized assessments, qualitative surveys, and educational outcomes. I began work with the Language Development Project as a research assistant in 2010 and as a graduate student researcher in 2016.

Multimodal pragmatic development

Children begin using pragmatic co-speech gestures at the earliest stages of language development. Well before toddlers create their first two-words utterances, they use conventionalized gestures like shoulder shrugs, wrist flips, and head nods and shakes to communicate epistemic and affective states. Soon after they use these same movements as “beats” to complement prosody and emphasize words. Eventually, they will use these gestures with a high degree of flexibility in both form and function: a twitch of one shoulder and a tilt of the head to express disinterest, a palm up and extended toward their listener to pass the turn, a series of small nods to indicate comprehension through backchannel feedback. 

Although children seem to have near mastery of many aspects of their native language before they even begin formal schooling, we know the developmental trajectory of pragmatics extends well into adolescence. We use data from the LDP’s corpus of spontaneous, parent-child interaction in early childhood to explore how co-speech gestures fit into the emergence of these skills. In my dissertation research, I ask how these gestures continue to develop into the middle school years in our corpus of parent-child cooperative tasks.

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Vilà-Giménez, I., Dowling, N., Demir-Lira, Ö. E., Prieto, P., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (in press, 2021). The predictive value of non-referential beat gestures: Early use in parent-child interactions predicts narrative abilities at 5 years of age. Child Development. 

Dowling, N., Vilà-Giménez, I., Demir-Lira, Ö., Prieto, P., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2021, July) Non-referential beat and flip gestures follow distinct developmental trajectories of function. Poster presented at Congress of the International Association for the Study of Child Language (virtual).

Vilà-Giménez, I., Dowling, N., Demir-Lira, Ö., Prieto, P., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2021, July). Early children’s use of non-referential beat gestures predicts narrative abilities at 5 years of age. Poster to be presented at Congress of the International Association for the Study of Child Language (virtual).

Higher-order thinking talk

Higher-order thinking is reasoning with and about relationships between concepts. The LDP offers a unique way of investigating the development of higher-order thinking from infancy to adolescence; we qualitatively and quantitatively describe higher-order thinking talk (HOTT) in our corpus of spontaneous parent-child interaction. What kinds of language are families using to talk about relational reasoning like drawing analogies, structuring hierarchy, abstracting concepts, and inferring causation? When and how to children begin using HOTT to discuss deeper, structural conceptual relationships vs surface-level, easily perceptible relationships?

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Frausel, R., Silvey, C., Freeman, C., Dowling, N., Richland, L., Levine, S., Raudenbush, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2020). The Origins of Higher-Order Thinking Lie in Children’s Spontaneous Talk Across the Pre-School Years. Cognition.

Dowling, N., Frausel, R., Richland, L., Levine, S., & Goldin-Meadow, S. (2019). Relations between early and later domain-specific higher-order thinking. Poster presented at Cognitive Development Society Biannual Meeting, Louisville, KY.

 

Early Childhood Education

As an Institute for Education Sciences (IES) Pre-Doctoral Fellow, I have worked with the TMW Center for Early Learning + Public Health and UChicago NORC on projects dedicated to creating research-based educational tools for families and early childhood educators.

Getting on Track Early for School Success

The Getting on Track Early for School Success (GoT) project has created objective, valid, and instructionally relevant assessments of oral language and literacy skills and numerical and spatial reasoning skills for 3-5 year old children. These assessments are designed to be quickly and easily administered by early childhood educators in the classroom while serving as highly statistically reliable measures for longitudinal learning achievement. In addition to developing this series of assessments, GoT provides educators with clear and continuous feedback to recognize skill-level milestones and support each student throughout the school year. GoT additionally provides classroom instructional materials to help teachers scaffold student learning in tandem with the assessment.

I have been actively involved in the development of the Oral Language and Literacy (OLL) assessment and instructional materials since 2017. Serving as an IES Pre-Doctoral Fellow on the project, I developed crosswalks from the GoT assessment to commonly used pre-K curricula. While it became clear from these crosswalks and teacher feedback that pre-K educators felt comfortable supporting students in early literacy skills, this was not the case for oral language skills. A unique feature of the Getting on Track assessments is the evidence-based emphasis on promoting oral language development in addition to literacy, such morphological production, syntactic comprehension, and concept formation. My primary role on this project has been to strategically fill in those gaps: 1) revising assessment items and administration design, 2) drafting plain-English explanations for teachers for how and why we assess these unfamiliar skills as well as benchmarks and stage-based learning objectives, 3) creating lesson plans for instructional activities to offer educators concrete methods for incorporating oral language learning into their classrooms.

Principal investigators and project leadership: Alana Dulaney, PhD; Susan Goldin-Meadow, PhD; Marc Hernandez, PhD; Debbie Leslie, MAT; Susan C Levine, PhD; Stephen Raudenbush, EdD; Janet Sorkin, PhD

Survey of Parent/Provider Expectations and Knowledge (SPEAK)

The Survey of Parent/Provider Expectations and Knowledge (SPEAK) is an assessment of caregivers’ knowledge in the areas of early childhood cognitive and language development. The SPEAK was developed by the TMW Center for Early Learning and Public Health, led by Dr. Dana Suskind. The self-administered survey is designed for both clinical and research settings and is available in both English and Spanish.

The SPEAK is continuously revised to reflect the most current findings in developmental psychology, education, and pediatric research. I contributed to the third revision currently in use (as of Sep. 2020), the SPEAK-IV. My work with TMW was in two major components – theoretical foundations and item development. I created an evidence-based outline of the “ideal” survey, cross-cutting four developmental periods in early childhood and eight content domains, e.g. language production, math, and screen-media use. Using this as a guideline, I revised existing items to more accurately address target measures, to be accessible to adults from diverse social, educational, linguistic, and economic backgrounds, and to reflect evolving scientific findings and socio-cultural attitudes. I developed new items across domains, with particular attention to dual-language learning, screen-media usage, and mathematical development.

Principal investigators and project leadership: Marc Hernandez, PhD; Alison Hundertmark; Christy Leung, PhD; Dana Suskind, MD

 

Dissertation Research:
Response mobilization and interactive gesture over development

Everyday conversation between adult speakers is a multimodal experience. We use our hands, bodies, and faces to complement the words we speak. Co-speech gestures not only add semantic meaning to our communication, they can serve to coordinate conversational interaction. With gestures like head nods, shoulder shrugs, and wrist flips, interlocutors can silently and efficiently negotiate turn-taking, take epistemic and affective stance, and hint at the quality of response they are looking for.

Children begin using these same gestures early in life, often even before they utter their first words, but a two-year-old’s shrug probably communicates the message “I don’t know” rather than “I don’t really care about this topic so feel free to jump on in since I know you know better than me anyway.”

My dissertation research explores how adults use these gestures to cooperate in face-to-face dialog and looks back to see how gesture forms that appear at the earliest stages of language development take on such powerful and flexible discursive functions.

Committee: Dr. Susan Goldin-Meadow (chair), Dr. Marisa Casillas, Dr. John Lucy, Dr. Federico Rossano