PIPES is a weekly seminar in which faculty and graduate students gather to discuss ongoing research in the field of international relations. The PIPES seminar meets on Thursdays from 3:00 to 5:00 p.m. Speakers present their work at various stages, from research designs that are just being formulated to articles that are being prepared for submission to a journal. We accept only works still in progress, since part of our intent with this seminar is to provide presenters with substantive comments and ideas for strengthening later revisions.