Resumen: Thanks to Iberian legal, religious, and social traditions, and to the rich documentary record Iberians and Africans produced in the Atlantic World, we can now know much more about what visual and material culture of maroon communities than was once thought possible. Accounts of priests sent to “reduce” them and military expeditions sent to eradicate them, while certainly not objective, add to our understanding of maroon communities. They tell us about the ethnic and gender make-up of these settlements, as well as their political, social, and religious organization. Such accounts also describe the physical layouts and fortifications of maroon camps, their subsistence patterns, and the trade networks maroons established with Europeans, indigenous populations, and other Africans. In some lucky instances, we get maps depicting maroon camps or art depicting the maroons themselves. This paper draws on a rich array of sources to analyze the material culture of maroons in case studies from 17th century Ecuador, Colombia, and Mexico.